Cataracts, Glaucoma and Hearing Loss

Cataracts1. Describe the pathophysiology of cataracts. Stages Opacity of the lens 2. Describe the signs and symptoms of persons experiencing cataracts Blurred vision Decreased color perception Photophobia Glare in bright light Cloudy lens 3. Describe the causes of cataracts.  Aging Trauma Toxic substance exposure including ultraviolet light Diabetes Smoking 4. Describe common medical interventions for cataracts. ECCE ICCE Touch ups 5. Describe nursing interventions for a patient undergoing cataract surgery. Pre- and post-operative care Home care instructions Glaucoma 6. Describe the pathophysiology of glaucoma. Open Angle Closed Angle  7. Describe the surgical intervention, preoperative and postoperative care for patients undergoing ophthalmological surgery.GlaucomaPost-op complications 8. Summarize the action and uses of drug therapy for treating problems of the eyes and ears.Glaucoma: β-Adrenergic Blockers, α-Adrenergic Agonists, Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors9. Discuss factors affecting adherence to medication regimen.Physiological Psychosocial 10. Identify potential problems/nursing diagnoses related to visual impairment. Decreased mobility Loss of vision Injury Self-care deficit Sleep pattern disturbance Social isolation Decreased self-esteem Powerlessness Body image disturbance 11. Describe nursing interventions to assist patients with impaired vision. Prevention Care of Eyes Referral to community resources: MAB  and CNIB Hearing Impairment12. Describe signs and symptoms associated with hearing loss in the elderly.  Faulty speech Inattentiveness, withdrawal Tinnitus Noise intolerance Vertigo Decreased speech perception High tone hearing loss 13. Discuss contributing causes to hearing impairment.  Aging process Diseases Infection Foreign objects Prolonged exposure to noise Medications 14.. Discuss potential problems related to hearing impairment. Altered communication Isolation Safety issues Dependency 15. Describe nursing interventions to assist the hearing impaired. Quiet environment, good lighting Position, speak slowly, voice tone/pitch Health teaching re: hearing aids,  including use of and maintenance Refer to community resources